What are Dutch annual accounts in English? The main terms at a glance
In English, the Dutch jaarrekening is "annual accounts" or "financial statements"; the KVK uses both words on its English pages. Balans is "balance sheet", winst-en-verliesrekening "profit and loss account", toelichting "notes" (KVK: explanatory notes), eigen vermogen "equity", voorzieningen "provisions". Vennootschapsbelasting is "corporate income tax", a fiscale eenheid a "tax group" (also "fiscal unity") and the RJ the "Dutch Accounting Standards". There is no statutory English text: the Dutch annual accounts remain authoritative.
The short answer
In English, the Dutch jaarrekening is "annual accounts" or "financial statements"; the KVK uses both words on its English pages. Balans is "balance sheet", winst-en-verliesrekening "profit and loss account", toelichting "notes" (KVK: explanatory notes), eigen vermogen "equity", voorzieningen "provisions". Vennootschapsbelasting is "corporate income tax", a fiscale eenheid a "tax group" (also "fiscal unity") and the RJ the "Dutch Accounting Standards". There is no statutory English text: the Dutch annual accounts remain authoritative.
Updated 30 October 2026
How the KVK names the components
On its English pages about filing, the KVK uses these words (KVK):
| Dutch | English according to the KVK | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| Jaarrekening | financial statements (also: annual accounts, annual reports and accounts) | Balance sheet, profit and loss account and notes together |
| Balans | balance sheet | Financial position at one date |
| Winst-en-verliesrekening | profit and loss account | Income and expenses over the year |
| Toelichting | explanatory notes | Explanation of the figures and principles |
| Bestuursverslag | Directors' report | Report of the board; not for every class |
| Overige gegevens | Other information | For example the appropriation of profit |
| Accountantsverklaring | Audit opinion | Only where an audit is mandatory |
| Vaststelling | adoption | Decision of the general meeting (AV); see adopting or approving |
| Deponeren | filing | Making public in the Business Register |
| Netto-omzet | net turnover | One of the three size criteria |
For the classes the KVK puts "Micro", "Small", "Medium" and "Large" in its table; the balance sheet total is called "Assets" there (KVK). Read the limits at when do I become a small legal entity.
How English-speaking accountants and IFRS put it
Under IFRS the balance sheet is formally called "statement of financial position"; IAS 1 names it as part of a complete set of financial statements (IFRS Foundation). The profit and loss account is the "statement of profit or loss". IFRS 18 replaces IAS 1 for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2027 and focuses mainly on that last statement (IFRS Foundation). Dutch BVs mostly follow Title 9 Book 2 DCC with the RJ, in English "Dutch GAAP"; see IFRS or Dutch GAAP.
Customary translations of the items
There is no official English list for the items themselves. The translations below are customary and the same as in our English glossary; use them as a reading aid, not as a legal definition.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Short explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Eigen vermogen | equity | What remains after deducting the debts from the assets |
| Voorziening | provision | Liability of uncertain size or timing |
| Vaste activa | non-current assets | Assets for use longer than a year |
| Vlottende activa | current assets | Assets that are converted within the operating cycle |
| Debiteuren | trade receivables | What customers still have to pay |
| Crediteuren | trade payables | What you still have to pay suppliers |
| Kortlopende schulden | current liabilities | Obligations within a year |
| Afschrijving | depreciation | Spreading of the cost price over the useful life |
| Agio | share premium | Payment above the nominal amount, see agio on the balance sheet |
| Geplaatst kapitaal | issued share capital | Nominal amount of the issued shares |
| Overige reserves | other reserves | Reserves without a statutory or articles-based purpose |
| Groepsmaatschappij | group company | For example the holding company or a sister company |
Receivables, accruals and debts
These items are missing from the table above. Pay particular attention to the difference between "accruals" and "provisions": an accrual is a known expense or income that belongs to another period, a provision is a liability of uncertain size or timing.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Vorderingen | receivables | Umbrella term; debiteuren are the trade receivables |
| Overlopende activa | prepayments and accrued income | Prepaid costs and income still to be received, see prepaid costs |
| Overlopende passiva | accruals and deferred income | Costs still to be paid and income received in advance; not a provision |
| Langlopende schulden | non-current liabilities | Debts with a term longer than a year |
| Latente belastingen | deferred tax | Tax on differences between the book value and the tax value |
| Onderhanden projecten | work in progress for third parties (also: construction contracts) | Ongoing assignments for customers; the RJ gives it a chapter of its own |
Equity, reserves and distributions
In English, reserves, profit and distribution easily get mixed up. In the Netherlands the general meeting appropriates the profit, decides on a distribution and the board approves it after its own test.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Wettelijke reserve | legal reserve | Mandatory reserve, for example for capitalised development costs (art. 2:365(2) DCC); not distributable |
| Resultaatbestemming | appropriation of result | The decision whether the profit is distributed or added to the reserves |
| Uitkeringstoets | distribution test | Test by the board whether the BV can continue to pay its due debts after the distribution (art. 2:216(2) DCC) |
| Aandeelhoudersbesluit | shareholders' resolution | Decision of the general meeting (algemene vergadering); with one shareholder: sole shareholder's resolution |
| Decharge | discharge | Release of directors from liability for the management conducted; a separate decision alongside adoption |
Principles, changes and comparative figures
For changes in the figures English has three separate words and the RJ keeps them apart too. Choose the term according to what actually changed, not according to what affects the result the year after.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Waarderingsgrondslagen | valuation principles (measurement bases) | How items are valued; in the notes under accounting policies |
| Stelselwijziging | change in accounting policy | A different principle for valuation or determination of result |
| Schattingswijziging | change in accounting estimate | For example a different useful life of a machine |
| Foutherstel | correction of errors (prior-period errors) | Correction of an error in earlier annual accounts |
| Vergelijkende cijfers | comparative figures | The figures of the preceding financial year next to those of the reporting year |
Statements, reports and documents
The accountant's statements each promise a different degree of assurance, and the English name must show that difference. A samenstellingsverklaring is not a controleverklaring.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Controleverklaring | auditor's report | Opinion after an audit; without objections it is called an unqualified opinion (goedkeurende verklaring) |
| Controleverklaring met beperking | auditor's report with a qualified opinion | The accountant makes a reservation. Heavier are the adverse opinion (afkeurende verklaring) and the disclaimer of opinion (oordeelonthouding) |
| Beoordelingsverklaring | review report | Limited assurance, less than with an audit |
| Samenstellingsverklaring | compilation report | No audit and no review; the accountant compiles the figures |
| Bestuursverslag | management report (KVK: directors' report) | Report of the board on the year and the expectations |
| Kasstroomoverzicht | cash flow statement | Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities |
| Publicatiestukken | publication documents | The documents that are made public |
| Verkorte jaarrekening | abbreviated accounts | The shortened version for filing |
| Jaarstukken | annual accounts and related documents | No fixed English term; choose per situation |
Financial year and year-end closing
For the period and the closing, other words apply than for the items. The explanation of length, end date and deadlines is in English at the financial year in the Netherlands.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Boekjaar | financial year | The period the annual accounts cover; the articles of association may choose an end date other than 31 December |
| Gebroken boekjaar | non-calendar financial year | Financial year that ends on a day other than 31 December |
| Verlengd of verkort boekjaar | extended or shortened financial year | A financial year longer or shorter than twelve months, usually on incorporation, on a changed end date or on termination |
| Jaarafsluiting | year-end closing | Closing the books and preparing the figures for the annual accounts |
| Saldibalans and proefbalans | trial balance | List of all ledger balances; after adjustments it is called an adjusted trial balance |
| Kolommenbalans | working trial balance | Trial balance with extra columns for the adjustments |
Group, participating interests and liability
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 403-verklaring | 403 liability declaration | The parent company makes itself jointly and severally liable for the debts arising from legal acts of the subsidiary (art. 2:403 DCC) |
| Geconsolideerde jaarrekening | consolidated accounts | The group as one economic unit |
| Enkelvoudige jaarrekening | company-only financial statements | The annual accounts of the legal entity itself |
| Deelneming | participating interest | Interest intended for a lasting relationship |
| Nettovermogenswaarde | net asset value (related to the IFRS equity method) | The participating interest is carried at the share in its own equity; the two methods are not identical in every detail |
| Bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid | directors' liability | In a bankruptcy the trustee can hold a director liable for the shortfall if improper performance of duties was an important cause (art. 2:248(1) DCC) |
Ratios
Ratios have more than one name in English and the calculation is nowhere in the law. So always state in an English table which numerator and denominator you use.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Calculation |
|---|---|---|
| Solvabiliteit | solvency ratio | Equity divided by the balance sheet total |
| Liquiditeit | liquidity; as a ratio: current ratio or quick ratio | Current assets divided by current liabilities, see current ratio |
| Werkkapitaal | working capital | Current assets minus current liabilities |
| Rentabiliteit | profitability (return on capital) | A chosen result divided by the corresponding capital base |
Tax and annual accounts: the tax terms
Tax terms are hard to translate, because the annual accounts and the tax return have different purposes and rules. The best guidance is the government's own English: business.gov.nl writes "corporate income tax (vennootschapsbelasting or vpb)" and government.nl calls a fiscale eenheid a "tax group (also referred to as a fiscal unity)" (both read on 30 October 2026).
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Vennootschapsbelasting | corporate income tax | Tax on the taxable profit of a legal entity, such as a BV, over one financial year |
| Aangifte vennootschapsbelasting | corporate income tax return | Goes to the Belastingdienst (Netherlands Tax Administration) and not to the KVK |
| Belastbare winst | taxable profit | The profit under the tax rules; not the same number as the result before taxation in the annual accounts |
| Resultaat voor belastingen | result before taxation | Line name in the profit and loss account; the tax itself is on the line "belastingen" (taxation) |
| Fiscale jaarrekening | tax computation of financial statements prepared on tax bases (descriptive; not a fixed term) | Choose the description according to what you mean: the calculation for the tax return, or annual accounts in which all items are valued for tax purposes. See tax or commercial |
| Fiscale grondslagen | tax bases | A micro or small BV may under conditions value on tax bases (art. 2:395a(7) DCC, art. 2:396(6) DCC); explanation in English at Dutch GAAP explained |
| Goed koopmansgebruik | sound business practice | The standard for determining taxable profit (art. 8(1) Wet Vpb 1969); a customary translation in English-language tax literature, not an official term |
| Niet-aftrekbare kosten | non-deductible expenses | Costs that are in the result but not in the taxable profit, such as a fine |
| Fiscale eenheid | tax group (also: fiscal unity) | Parent and subsidiary are treated as one taxpayer for corporate income tax; the VAT group is a different arrangement |
Result before taxation and taxable profit are thus two different numbers; the case study further on calculates that. With a fiscal unity the subsidiary continues to prepare its own annual accounts, in which the tax is usually allocated as if it were an independent taxpayer.
The rules themselves: law, decree and guidelines in English
The official statutory text of Book 2 DCC is in Dutch. For the Richtlijnen voor de jaarverslaggeving there is an English-language volume: the Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving refers to Wolters Kluwer for it and writes that this edition is under the responsibility of the publisher (rjnet.nl, read on 30 October 2026). According to the publisher it is the volume for medium-sized and large legal entities, and the Dutch version prevails (Wolters Kluwer, read on 30 October 2026). We found no English RJk for micro and small legal entities.
| Dutch | English (customary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 2 Titel 9 | Dutch Civil Code (DCC), Book 2 Title 9 | Deloitte writes Netherlands Civil Code (NCC); choose one of the two and stick to it |
| Besluit modellen jaarrekening (BMJ) | Decree on financial statements formats | The models for the balance sheet and the profit and loss account; the decree is binding, but a micro legal entity is exempt from the models |
| Categoriale en functionele winst-en-verliesrekening | profit and loss account by nature and by function | Model E (by nature) and F (by function) for medium-sized and large; small may also use the simplified models I and J |
| Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving | Dutch Accounting Standards Board (DASB) | Issues the guidelines; see RJ |
| Richtlijnen voor de jaarverslaggeving (RJ) | Dutch Accounting Standards | The English edition is called "Dutch Accounting Standards Board guidelines for annual reporting"; Deloitte writes paragraph references such as DAS 110.104, in Dutch RJ 110.104 |
| RJk (micro and small legal entities) | the RJk, the Dutch Accounting Standards for micro and small entities (descriptive; no fixed English name found) | Spell out the abbreviation on first use |
| Dutch GAAP | Dutch GAAP | Umbrella: law, decrees and guidelines together; see Dutch GAAP explained |
In an English-language document, give the Dutch name next to every English name, for example "Besluit modellen jaarrekening (Decree on financial statements formats)": anyone who wants to look up the rule only finds it under the Dutch name.
Case: the English balance sheet of Brandsma Software BV
A British investor asks Brandsma Software BV for the balance sheet at 31 December 2026 in English. The BV puts the items side by side in two languages; the amounts are in euros.
| Dutch | English | Amount (€) |
|---|---|---|
| Immateriële vaste activa (geactiveerde ontwikkelingskosten) | intangible assets (capitalised development costs) | 40.000 |
| Materiële vaste activa | property, plant and equipment | 30.000 |
| Debiteuren | trade receivables | 90.000 |
| Overlopende activa | prepayments and accrued income | 6.000 |
| Liquide middelen | cash and cash equivalents | 54.000 |
| Totaal activa | total assets | 220.000 |
| Geplaatst kapitaal | issued share capital | 1.000 |
| Wettelijke reserve | legal reserve | 40.000 |
| Overige reserves | other reserves | 79.000 |
| Langlopende schulden | non-current liabilities | 30.000 |
| Crediteuren | trade payables | 40.000 |
| Overlopende passiva | accruals and deferred income | 30.000 |
| Totaal passiva | total equity and liabilities | 220.000 |
Equity is 1.000 + 40.000 + 79.000 = 120.000. The solvency (solvency ratio) is 120.000 / 220.000 = 54,5%. The current assets are 90.000 + 6.000 + 54.000 = 150.000 and the current liabilities 40.000 + 30.000 = 70.000, so the current ratio is 150.000 / 70.000 = 2,14 and the working capital is 80.000.
The legal reserve (legal reserve) is as large as the capitalised development costs of 40.000, as art. 2:365(2) DCC requires. For a distribution, the paid-up and called-up capital and that reserve are deducted from equity (art. 2:216(1) DCC): 120.000 − 1.000 − 40.000 = 79.000, exactly the other reserves. Whether the BV may also distribute that 79.000 is then determined by the distribution test of the board, and that looks at the cash and debts and not only at the reserves.
Case (continued): the English profit and loss account of Brandsma
Brandsma Software BV has four employees, a balance sheet total of 220.000 and a net turnover of 520.000. That puts it in the micro class (balance sheet total ≤ € 450.000, turnover ≤ € 900.000, < 10 employees). A micro BV makes only the limited balance sheet public (art. 2:395a(8) DCC); the profit and loss account below is therefore not filed, but is the document the British investor asks for. The line names follow the by-nature model E of the Besluit modellen jaarrekening in the English names from the Deloitte guide; for a micro BV that is a reading aid and not a mandatory layout.
| Dutch | English | Amount (€) |
|---|---|---|
| Netto-omzet | net turnover | 520.000 |
| Kosten uitbesteed werk en andere externe kosten | other external charges | 90.000 |
| Lonen en salarissen | wages and salaries | 215.000 |
| Sociale lasten | social security costs | 55.000 |
| Afschrijvingen op immateriële en materiële vaste activa | amortisation/depreciation of intangible and tangible fixed assets | 25.000 |
| Overige bedrijfskosten | other operating expenses | 85.000 |
| Som der bedrijfslasten | total operating expenses | 470.000 |
| Bedrijfsresultaat | operating result | 50.000 |
| Rentelasten en soortgelijke kosten | interest expenses and similar charges | 2.000 |
| Resultaat voor belastingen | result before taxation | 48.000 |
| Belastingen | taxation | 9.500 |
| Resultaat na belastingen | net result for the year | 38.500 |
The operating expenses are 90.000 + 215.000 + 55.000 + 25.000 + 85.000 = 470.000, so the operating result (in the model a subtotal without a name of its own) is 520.000 − 470.000 = 50.000. After 2.000 of interest expenses, 48.000 remains as result before taxation. For intangible assets English uses amortisation and for tangible depreciation; the model line names them together.
The other operating expenses include a fine of 2.000 that is not deductible (non-deductible expenses). The taxable profit is therefore 48.000 + 2.000 = 50.000 and the tax 19% × 50.000 = 9.500, the rate for profit up to € 200.000 in 2026 (see vennootschapsbelasting). The net result for the year is 48.000 − 9.500 = 38.500, and not 48.000 − 19% × 48.000 = 38.880. Because a fine never becomes deductible, this is a permanent difference without deferred tax; see fiscale jaarrekening.
The result returns in the equity of the balance sheet above. Without a distribution, with a legal reserve that was 40.000 all year and after adding the result to the other reserves (appropriation of result), the other reserves at the start of the year were 79.000 − 38.500 = 40.500 and equity 120.000 − 38.500 = 81.500.
Example sentences for the notes in two languages
An English translation of the notes usually starts with the same few sentences. These are our own wordings as an example and not model text of the RJ or the KVK; adapt them to what the BV actually does.
| Dutch | English |
|---|---|
| De jaarrekening is opgesteld volgens de bepalingen van Titel 9 Boek 2 van het Burgerlijk Wetboek. | The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of Title 9, Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code. |
| Alle bedragen zijn in euro's, tenzij anders vermeld. | All amounts are in euros, unless stated otherwise. |
| Activa en passiva worden gewaardeerd tegen verkrijgings- of vervaardigingsprijs, tenzij anders vermeld. | Assets and liabilities are measured at historical cost, unless stated otherwise. |
| Na de balansdatum hebben zich geen gebeurtenissen voorgedaan die om aanpassing of toelichting vragen. | No events occurred after the balance sheet date that require adjustment or disclosure. |
| De algemene vergadering heeft de jaarrekening vastgesteld. | The general meeting adopted the annual accounts. |
| Deze Engelse tekst is een vertaling; bij verschillen is de Nederlandse jaarrekening leidend. | This English text is a translation. If it differs from the Dutch annual accounts, the Dutch version prevails. |
May the annual accounts themselves be in English
The items of the annual accounts are described in Dutch, unless the general meeting decides to use another language (art. 2:362(7) DCC). For publication, article 2:394(1) names the annual accounts entirely in Dutch, or if that has not been drawn up, French, German or English. A translation for a bank or shareholder is therefore something different from the document you adopt and file. Read the explanation at preparing and filing annual accounts in English and, in English, English-language annual accounts.
Case: the Irish parent asks for "approved accounts"
Visser Logistics BV is a subsidiary of an Irish Ltd. The parent asks for "signed and approved accounts for 2025". The BV went through these steps:
| What the parent says | What the BV did | Date |
|---|---|---|
| prepared | prepared by the board | 20 April 2026 |
| signed | signed by the director | 20 April 2026 |
| approved / adopted | adopted by the general meeting (AV) | 27 May 2026 |
| filed | filed with the KVK | 1 June 2026 |
The BV sends the Dutch annual accounts, with the adoption date, and an English translation with the words from the table above, marked as a non-binding translation. "Approved" becomes "adopted" (vastgesteld) here: without that distinction the parent thinks the general meeting approved the document on its merits or that discharge was granted, which is not the case.
Where it goes wrong
- Reading "approved" as adoption, while discharge is a separate decision.
- Translating "provision" as "reserve": a provision is an obligation of uncertain size or timing, a reserve is equity.
- Filing an English translation instead of the Dutch annual accounts, when the Dutch ones have been prepared.
- Using the IFRS names (statement of financial position) for annual accounts prepared under Title 9 and the RJ.
Sources
- KVK (English): what do the financial statements comprise?
- KVK (English): which business class does your company belong to?
- Business.gov.nl: Corporate income tax (read 30 October 2026)
- Government of the Netherlands: Corporate income tax (read 30 October 2026)
- Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving: English-language volume of the Guidelines (read 30 October 2026)
- Wolters Kluwer: Dutch Accounting Standards Board guidelines for annual reporting (read 30 October 2026)
- Deloitte: The Annual Accounts in the Netherlands, a guide to Title 9 of the Netherlands Civil Code (2024)
- IFRS Foundation: IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
- IFRS Foundation: IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements
- Art. 2:362 DCC: general provisions (paragraph 7: language), text in force from 1 July 2026 (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:394 DCC: publication (language), text in force from 1 July 2026 (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:216 DCC: distributions (paragraphs 1 and 2), text in force from 1 July 2026 (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:365 DCC: valuation of fixed assets, development costs and legal reserve (paragraph 2) (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:403 DCC: liability declaration by the parent company (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:248 DCC: liability of directors in bankruptcy (wetten.overheid.nl)
Frequently asked questions
What are annual accounts in English?
"Annual accounts" or "financial statements". The KVK uses both on its English pages. They consist of a balance sheet, a profit and loss account and explanatory notes.
What is the English translation of balans, toelichting and eigen vermogen?
Balans is balance sheet, toelichting is notes (the KVK writes explanatory notes) and eigen vermogen is equity. For voorzieningen people use provisions. There is no official English list; use the terms as a reading aid.
What is the difference between a reserve and a provision in English?
A reserve (reserve) is part of equity. A provision (voorziening) is a liability of uncertain size or timing. Do not translate them interchangeably.
Which English terms does the KVK use for the size classes?
On its English page the KVK calls the classes Micro, Small, Medium and Large, with Assets and Net turnover as criteria.
May I prepare the annual accounts of my BV in English?
Yes, if the general meeting decides on a language other than Dutch (art. 2:362(7) DCC). For filing, art. 2:394(1) applies: Dutch, or if the Dutch version has not been drawn up, French, German or English. A separate translation is not the same as the adopted annual accounts.
What is the English translation of overlopende activa and overlopende passiva?
Overlopende activa is prepayments and accrued income, overlopende passiva is accruals and deferred income. These are customary translations, not official terms. Do not confuse accruals with provisions: a provision has an uncertain size or timing, an accrual is a known expense or income that belongs to another period.
What are controleverklaring, samenstellingsverklaring and 403-verklaring in English?
Controleverklaring is auditor's report, beoordelingsverklaring is review report and samenstellingsverklaring is compilation report. The 403-verklaring is called a 403 liability declaration: the parent company makes itself jointly and severally liable for the debts of the subsidiary (art. 2:403 DCC). A compilation report gives no assurance like an auditor's report.
How do I say stelselwijziging, schattingswijziging and foutherstel in English?
Stelselwijziging is change in accounting policy, schattingswijziging is change in accounting estimate and foutherstel is correction of errors (also prior-period errors). The RJ keeps the three apart in RJ 140, 145 and 150. A different useful life of a machine is a change in accounting estimate, not a change in accounting policy.
What are saldibalans, proefbalans and kolommenbalans in English?
Saldibalans and proefbalans are both called trial balance in English, a list of all ledger balances. A kolommenbalans is a working trial balance, with extra columns for adjustments. After the adjustments it is called an adjusted trial balance.
What are solvabiliteit, liquiditeit, werkkapitaal and rentabiliteit in English?
Solvabiliteit is solvency ratio (equity divided by balance sheet total), liquiditeit is liquidity, which can be expressed as current ratio or quick ratio, werkkapitaal is working capital and rentabiliteit is profitability. The calculation is not in the law; so always state the formula with an English table.
What is the English word for boekjaar, gebroken boekjaar and verlengd boekjaar?
Boekjaar is financial year, a gebroken boekjaar is a non-calendar financial year and a verlengd boekjaar is an extended financial year. An English explanation is on our page about the financial year in the Netherlands.
What are vennootschapsbelasting, belastbare winst and fiscale eenheid in English?
Vennootschapsbelasting is corporate income tax (vpb), belastbare winst is taxable profit and a fiscale eenheid is a tax group, also called fiscal unity. Business.gov.nl and government.nl use these words. The VAT group (btw-eenheid) is a different arrangement; say which tax you mean.
What is the English term for fiscale jaarrekening and fiscale grondslagen?
Fiscale grondslagen are tax bases. For fiscale jaarrekening we found no fixed English term: write financial statements prepared on tax bases if all items are valued for tax purposes, or tax computation for the calculation of taxable profit. A micro or small BV may, under conditions, value on tax bases (art. 2:395a(7) and art. 2:396(6) DCC).
Is there an English version of the Richtlijnen voor de jaarverslaggeving?
Yes, for medium-sized and large legal entities. The Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving refers to the English-language volume of Wolters Kluwer, a digital edition under the responsibility of the publisher; the Dutch version prevails. We found no English RJk. In English the guidelines are called Dutch Accounting Standards and the Raad the Dutch Accounting Standards Board.
What are resultaat voor belastingen and resultaat na belastingen in English?
In the English line names of the Besluit modellen jaarrekening (Decree on annual accounts models), as Deloitte presents them, resultaat voor belastingen is result before taxation, belastingen is taxation and resultaat na belastingen is net result for the year. The tax on that line is not the rate times the result before taxation, because taxable profit may differ.
What does an example of annual accounts in English look like?
Annual accounts in English have a balance sheet, a profit and loss account and notes. In our case study Brandsma Software BV puts the balance sheet and profit and loss account side by side in two languages: balance sheet total 220.000, net turnover 520.000, result before taxation 48.000 and net result for the year 38.500. That is a translation for an investor; the Dutch annual accounts remain the document that is adopted.
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Preparing Dutch annual accounts?
Your first set of annual accounts is free, for every size class. Create an account and prepare the annual accounts of your Dutch company under Title 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
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