Annual accounts template: completed model for a small Dutch BV
Complete Dutch annual accounts of a fictitious small BV: balance sheet, profit and loss account and notes, with the statutory article and the reconciliations for each part.
The short answer
Dutch annual accounts consist of a balance sheet, a profit and loss account and notes (art. 2:361(1) DCC). How extensive each part is depends on the size class. Below is a completed model of a small BV (private limited company): you see which line items it contains, how they tie together and how to rebuild the same layout in a spreadsheet.
Updated 30 October 2026
Key facts
| Statutory parts | Balance sheet, profit and loss account and notes (art. 2:361(1) DCC) |
| Formats for BV and NV | Balance sheet: format A or B. Profit and loss account: format E or F (art. 1(1) Annual Accounts Formats Decree, Besluit modellen jaarrekening) |
| Small legal entity | May also use format C or D and format I or J (art. 1(2) of the Decree) |
| Micro legal entity | The Decree does not apply (art. 1(3)); the content follows from art. 2:395a(3) to (6) DCC |
The example: Noordkade Techniek B.V.
Noordkade Techniek B.V. is a fictitious installation company with nine employees. With € 612.000 in assets and € 1.480.000 net turnover, the BV is too large for the micro class and comfortably small. Copy the structure, not the amounts.
No file goes with this page: the model is written out below to copy into Excel or Word.
Model 1: the balance sheet
Above the balance sheet it states whether the appropriation of result has been processed (art. 2:362(2) DCC). Not here: the 2025 profit is the last item of equity. The layout is that of format D.
| Balance sheet before appropriation of result | 31-12-2025 (€) | 31-12-2024 (€) |
|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||
| Fixed assets | 196.000 | 184.000 |
| Tangible fixed assets | 184.000 | 172.000 |
| Financial fixed assets | 12.000 | 12.000 |
| Current assets | 416.000 | 352.000 |
| Inventories | 46.000 | 41.000 |
| Receivables and prepayments and accrued income | 238.000 | 214.000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 132.000 | 97.000 |
| Total assets | 612.000 | 536.000 |
| Equity and liabilities | ||
| Equity | 278.700 | 222.000 |
| Paid-up and called-up capital | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Other reserves | 221.000 | 183.000 |
| Undistributed profit | 56.700 | 38.000 |
| Provisions | 18.000 | 15.000 |
| Non-current liabilities | 96.000 | 108.000 |
| Current liabilities and accruals and deferred income | 219.300 | 191.000 |
| Total equity and liabilities | 612.000 | 536.000 |
Model 2: the profit and loss account
Noordkade uses format I. It starts at the gross margin, because a small BV combines turnover and the costs of raw materials, consumables and subcontracted work (art. 2:396(4) DCC). Gross margin calculation: in 2025 € 1.480.000 − € 738.000 = € 742.000; in 2024 € 1.352.000 − € 676.000 = € 676.000.
| Profit and loss account, format I | 2025 (€) | 2024 (€) |
|---|---|---|
| Gross margin | 742.000 | 676.000 |
| Wages and salaries | -472.000 | -441.000 |
| Social security charges | -98.000 | -92.000 |
| Depreciation of tangible fixed assets | -41.000 | -38.000 |
| Other operating expenses | -55.000 | -52.000 |
| Total costs | -666.000 | -623.000 |
| Interest expense and similar costs | -6.000 | -6.100 |
| Result before tax | 70.000 | 46.900 |
| Taxes | -13.300 | -8.900 |
| Result after tax | 56.700 | 38.000 |
Model 3: the notes of a small BV
A small legal entity is exempt from part of the notes (art. 2:396(3) to (5) DCC). What remains fits in eight blocks, in the order of the line items (art. 2:363(1) DCC).
| Block | What you include | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| General information | Name, legal form, registered office and the KVK number of the BV | art. 2:380b DCC |
| Accounting policies | For each item, how you value it and determine the result | art. 2:384(5) DCC |
| Liabilities | Which part of the total runs longer than one year and longer than five years, and which security has been provided | art. 2:375(2) and (3) DCC |
| Off-balance-sheet commitments | Multi-year rental and lease contracts, contingent liabilities | art. 2:381(1) DCC |
| Staff | Only the average number of employees | art. 2:382 DCC |
| Directors | Loans, advances and guarantees to directors | art. 2:383(2) DCC |
| Events after the balance sheet date | Yes in the prepared version, not in the document for the KVK | art. 2:380a DCC and art. 2:396(8) DCC |
| Signing | All directors; if a signature is missing, state the reason | art. 2:210(2) DCC |
The worked-out texts are at the notes template and the accounting policies template.
How the three parts tie together
The parts confirm each other when these five differences are zero.
| Check | Calculation in the example | Difference |
|---|---|---|
| Balance sheet balances | Total assets 612.000 minus total equity and liabilities 612.000 | 0 |
| Result ties in | Result after tax 56.700 minus undistributed profit on the balance sheet 56.700 | 0 |
| Movement in equity | 222.000 opening plus 56.700 result minus 0 dividend minus 278.700 closing | 0 |
| Prior-year profit processed | Other reserves 183.000 plus 2024 profit of 38.000 minus 221.000 | 0 |
| Movement in tangible fixed assets | 172.000 opening plus 53.000 investments minus 41.000 depreciation minus 184.000 closing | 0 |
Rebuilding the annual accounts in a spreadsheet
- Trial balance sheet: paste the export from your bookkeeping here. You enter amounts only on this sheet.
- Mapping sheet: the annual accounts line item for each ledger account.
- Balance sheet, Profit and loss account and Notes sheets: only formulas and references, so a correction flows through everywhere.
- Checks sheet: the five differences from the table above.
The annual accounts per size class
The class follows from two of the three criteria on two consecutive balance sheet dates; check it with the size class calculator.
| Micro | Small | Medium-sized | Large | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limits | Assets ≤ € 450.000; turnover ≤ € 900.000; < 10 employees | Assets ≤ € 7,5 mln; turnover ≤ € 15 mln; < 50 | Assets ≤ € 25 mln; turnover ≤ € 50 mln; < 250 | Above that |
| Balance sheet | As a rule five main items (art. 2:395a(4) DCC) | Format C or D | Format A or B | Format A or B |
| Profit and loss account | Limited (art. 2:395a(5) DCC) | Format I or J, from the gross margin | Format E or F, top items combined (art. 2:397(3) DCC) | Format E or F, in full |
| Notes | No prescribed disclosures; whoever applies tax-based policies states that in the notes (paragraph 7). Otherwise the statements below the balance sheet | Limited | Full, with a few exemptions (art. 2:397(4) and (6) DCC) | Full |
| Management report | No (art. 2:395a(6) DCC) | No (art. 2:396(7) DCC) | Yes | Yes |
| Audit by an accountant | No | No | Mandatory (art. 2:393(1) DCC) | Yes |
| Public at the KVK | Only the abridged balance sheet (paragraph 8) | The abridged balance sheet with the notes (art. 2:396(8) DCC) | Abridged permitted (art. 2:397(5) DCC) | Everything |
Mistakes often made in a self-built model
- Copying a model of the wrong class: format I and the limited notes are only for small legal entities.
- Retyping amounts in the notes: after one correction, text and balance sheet contradict each other.
- Leaving the prior-year column empty (art. 2:363(5) DCC).
- Treating the prepared annual accounts and the document for the KVK as one document; see the model of the publication documents.
The same model in Jaarrekening.io
Jaarrekening.io builds these parts from an XAF audit file or a trial balance in Excel or CSV and derives the size class from your figures. You export the result as a Word and Excel file. The software files nothing with the KVK: you file yourself or through your accountant. New users create an account themselves.
Sources
Frequently asked questions
Is there one annual accounts model that applies to every BV?
No. The Annual Accounts Formats Decree (Besluit modellen jaarrekening) gives format A or B for the balance sheet and format E or F for the profit and loss account. A small BV may also use C or D and I or J. For a micro BV the Decree does not apply; there art. 2:395a DCC determines which items are the minimum.
May I prepare the annual accounts in Excel or Word?
Yes. The law sets requirements for the content and the layout, not for the program you work with. Do keep one signed copy and record the adoption.
Does a cash flow statement belong in this model?
For a micro BV or small BV it does not. Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code does not mention the cash flow statement; the Dutch Accounting Standards Board (RJ) guidelines require it of medium-sized and large legal entities.
Which deadlines apply to the 2025 annual accounts?
If the financial year equals the calendar year, the board prepares the annual accounts before 1 June 2026, unless the general meeting extends that period by at most five months (art. 2:210(1) DCC). After adoption you file within eight days, and by 31 December 2026 at the latest (art. 2:394(1) and (3) DCC).
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Preparing Dutch annual accounts?
Your first set of annual accounts is free, for every size class. Create an account and prepare the annual accounts of your Dutch company under Title 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
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