Example of Dutch annual accounts for a BV: micro, worked out line by line
This is what the 2025 Dutch annual accounts of a small consultancy in BV form (micro) look like, with a balance sheet, a profit and loss account and the few notes a micro BV needs. All amounts are fictitious and add up.
The short answer
A micro BV (a Dutch private limited company) prepares a balance sheet and a profit and loss account, with few or no notes (art. 2:395a DCC; RJk M1). Below is Bakker Advies BV: a balance sheet total of € 91.000, net turnover of € 240.000 and a result after tax of € 23.490. All amounts add up, and every line is explained.
Updated 30 October 2026
Key facts
| Legal basis | art. 2:395a DCC (micro), art. 2:373 DCC (equity), art. 2:377 DCC (profit and loss account) |
| Micro thresholds (from financial years 2024) | balance sheet total ≤ € 450.000, net turnover ≤ € 900.000, < 10 employees; two of the three criteria on two consecutive balance sheet dates |
| What you file | Only the balance sheet (art. 2:395a(8) DCC; RJk M1.401) |
The BV in the example
Bakker Advies BV (fictitious) is a consultancy with two people on the payroll: the director-major shareholder and one employee. In 2024 and 2025 the balance sheet total was € 91.000 or lower, net turnover € 240.000 or lower and the number of employees below 10. The BV therefore meets all three criteria of the micro class (balance sheet total ≤ € 450.000, net turnover ≤ € 900.000, < 10 employees). The annual accounts follow RJk M1 and cover the financial year 1 January to 31 December 2025. Equity started at € 31.510 and no dividend was paid.
The balance sheet at 31 December 2025
| Assets | 31-12-2025 | Equity and liabilities | 31-12-2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tangible fixed assets | € 12.000 | Equity | € 55.000 |
| Receivables | € 26.000 | Provisions | € 0 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | € 53.000 | Liabilities | € 36.000 |
| Total assets | € 91.000 | Total equity and liabilities | € 91.000 |
The law requires a micro BV to show at least the sum of the fixed assets, the sum of the current assets, equity, provisions and liabilities, and for the liabilities you indicate which part falls due within one year and which after one year (art. 2:395a(4) DCC; RJk M1.203). Bakker Advies uses the breakdown below for its own overview; it is not required in the balance sheet it files.
| Line item | Amount | What it contains |
|---|---|---|
| Tangible fixed assets | € 12.000 | Equipment and computers: purchased 1 January 2025 for € 14.000, depreciated by € 2.000 |
| Receivables | € 26.000 | Accounts receivable and VAT receivable |
| Cash and cash equivalents | € 53.000 | Bank accounts and cash |
| Equity | € 55.000 | Issued capital € 100, other reserves € 31.410, result 2025 € 23.490 (€ 100 + € 31.410 + € 23.490) |
| Liabilities, longer than one year | € 15.000 | Bank loan, the part repaid after 31 December 2026 |
| Liabilities, within one year | € 21.000 | Repayment 2026 € 5.000, accounts payable € 2.000, payroll taxes and premiums € 2.000, VAT € 6.490, corporate income tax € 5.510 |
Check: € 12.000 + € 26.000 + € 53.000 = € 91.000; € 55.000 + € 15.000 + € 21.000 = € 91.000. The liabilities are € 15.000 + € 21.000 = € 36.000 and equity € 100 + € 31.410 + € 23.490 = € 55.000. The balance sheet is prepared before appropriation of the result, which is stated at the top of the balance sheet (art. 2:362(2) DCC); the board proposes to add the result to the other reserves. For a micro BV that proposal is not a mandatory disclosure.
The profit and loss account for 2025
The BV keeps its costs internally by nature (art. 2:377(3) DCC). For the micro presentation, RJk M1.205 requires at least net turnover, other operating income, wages, cost of raw materials and consumables, depreciation, other operating costs, taxes and the result after tax. Below, the internal version and the micro presentation are shown one under the other.
| Internal account by nature | Amount |
|---|---|
| Net turnover | € 240.000 |
| Raw materials and consumables | − € 6.000 |
| Other external costs (subcontracting € 30.000, premises and office € 22.000) | − € 52.000 |
| Wages | − € 108.000 |
| Social security charges € 14.000 and pension charges € 8.000 | − € 22.000 |
| Depreciation | − € 2.000 |
| Other operating costs (car, travel, insurance) | − € 20.000 |
| Interest expense | − € 1.000 |
| Corporate income tax (19%) | − € 5.510 |
| Result after tax | € 23.490 |
| Micro presentation (RJk M1.205) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Net turnover | € 240.000 |
| Cost of raw materials and consumables | − € 6.000 |
| Wages | − € 108.000 |
| Depreciation | − € 2.000 |
| Other operating costs | − € 94.000 |
| Interest expense | − € 1.000 |
| Tax | − € 5.510 |
| Result after tax | € 23.490 |
Check of the internal column: € 240.000 − € 6.000 − € 52.000 − € 108.000 − € 22.000 − € 2.000 − € 20.000 = € 30.000 operating result; € 30.000 − € 1.000 interest = € 29.000 result before tax; 19% of € 29.000 = € 5.510 (rounded); € 29.000 − € 5.510 = € 23.490. The other operating costs in the micro presentation are € 52.000 + € 22.000 + € 20.000 = € 94.000, so the sum of the costs stays the same. The social security and pension charges are therefore included in it. RJk M1.205 does not list interest expense separately; the BV shows it because it has it.
For a small BV the breakdown is different. Article 2:396(4) DCC allows the items from article 2:377(3) DCC under (a) to (d) and (g) to be combined into one item, gross operating result. Bakker Advies would then report: net turnover € 240.000 less cost of raw materials and consumables and other external costs (€ 6.000 + € 52.000 = € 58.000) = gross operating result € 182.000. Wages, social security charges, depreciation, other operating costs and interest follow, down to the same result of € 23.490.
Whether an item falls under other external costs or under other operating costs is a matter of judgement. Choose one approach and keep to it year after year.
The notes of a micro BV
A micro BV is exempt from the specific notes of sections 5 and 6 (art. 2:395a(6) DCC; RJk M1.202). What remains:
- The fact that no accruals and deferrals have been recognised, at the foot of the balance sheet, if the BV uses that simplification (art. 2:395a(3) DCC). Bakker Advies does book accruals and deferrals and therefore does not state this.
- The use of tax-based accounting policies, if the BV applies them: a statement in the notes, and then all tax-based policies (art. 2:395a(7) DCC). Bakker Advies uses the commercial policies, straight-line depreciation over seven years.
- Additional information, if the annual accounts without that information fall seriously short in giving a true and fair view, for example in case of uncertainty about continuity (RJk M1.202). That is not the case here.
A micro BV may voluntarily write short notes, for example with the accounting policies and the name, legal form and registered office. That is permitted, and it may still file only the balance sheet (RJk M1.402). Sample texts are in the template for the notes and the template for the accounting policies.
What does Bakker Advies file?
Only the balance sheet, stating the date of adoption (art. 2:394(1) DCC) and, under the time limit rules, within eight days after adoption and no later than 31 December 2026 (twelve months after the financial year). The profit and loss account stays internal. For the composition of the document, see the template for publication documents; for who files, see who has to file the annual accounts.
The separate parts with worked examples are in the balance sheet template, the profit and loss account template and the template for the complete annual accounts.
How a medium-sized or small BV differs from this example
- Small: the balance sheet with more line items and limited notes, without a profit and loss account in the publication (art. 2:396(8) DCC); balance sheet items follow article 2:396(3).
- Medium-sized: full balance sheet and abridged profit and loss account in the publication, notes according to the RJ, a management report and an audit by an accountant (art. 2:397 DCC for the size and the limited publication, art. 2:393 DCC for the audit).
- Large: full annual accounts, with a cash flow statement according to RJ 360, and publication of everything.
You can read which class you are in at size classes.
How it works at Jaarrekening.io
Jaarrekening.io derives the balance sheet and profit and loss account from your trial balance and creates a publication version which, for micro, consists of the balance sheet. The first annual accounts in your account are free, for every size class. After that you pay for each set of annual accounts, once per financial year: micro € 250, small € 500, medium-sized € 2.000 or large € 5.000, excl. VAT. You can first try your own trial balance via free annual accounts.
Sources
- Art. 2:395a DCC: micro-entity (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:396 DCC: small entity (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:377 DCC: the profit and loss account (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Art. 2:373 DCC: equity (wetten.overheid.nl)
- Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving (Dutch Accounting Standards Board): Guidelines, chapter M1 (micro)
Frequently asked questions
What do the annual accounts of a micro BV look like?
A balance sheet and a profit and loss account, with comparative figures, and no notes or only very limited ones. The balance sheet shows at least fixed assets, current assets, equity, provisions and liabilities, with the current and non-current part of the liabilities (art. 2:395a(4) DCC; RJk M1.203). Only the balance sheet is filed.
Does a micro BV have to include notes?
Not under sections 5 and 6 of Title 9. There are three exceptions: the statement at the foot of the balance sheet if no accruals and deferrals have been recognised, the statement that tax-based accounting policies have been applied, and additional information if the annual accounts would otherwise fall seriously short in giving a true and fair view.
What is the difference between the internal and the filed annual accounts of a micro BV?
The internal annual accounts contain the balance sheet and the profit and loss account and may have notes. Only the balance sheet has to be filed (art. 2:395a(8) DCC). You may file more, but not less.
May I use an example set of annual accounts as a template for my own BV?
As a format, yes; the amounts, no. The line items, their order and the check that total assets equal total equity and liabilities are usable. You must determine your own accounting policies, provisions, loans and the choice between commercial and tax-based policies.
How much do annual accounts for a micro BV cost?
At Jaarrekening.io, the first annual accounts in your account are free, for every size class. After that you pay once per financial year for each set of annual accounts; the amounts are on the pricing page. What an accountant charges differs per firm.
Read more
Preparing Dutch annual accounts?
Your first set of annual accounts is free, for every size class. Create an account and prepare the annual accounts of your Dutch company under Title 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
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